effect of different levels of artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) leaf powder on the performance and meat quality of japanese quail

a total of 240 japanese quail chicks (1 d old) were used in a 42-d trial to study the effects of artichoke leaf powder and vitamin e on growth performance and meat quality. this experiment was performed as a completely randomized design with 4 replicates of 15 quails in each, using a 4×2 factorial arrangement with diet and gender as the main effects. four dietary treatments were formulated by addition of 2 levels (1.5 and 3 percent) of artichoke leaf powder and 300 mg/kg vitamin e to the basal diet. results showed that supplementing the basal diet with artichoke leaf powder and vitamin e significantly affected growth performance at 21 d of age (p). dietary treatments significantly affected 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (tbars) and water holding capacity (whc) values of breast meat (p). the value of tbars in breast meat was not affected by dietary levels of artichoke leaf powder, whereas the value decreased significantly by vitamin e treatment (p). quails receiving 1.5 percent artichoke leaf powder and 300 mg/kg vitamin e had significantly lower breast meat whc than those  receiving the basal diet (p). breast meat crude fat and whc were affected by gender (p). dietary 3 percent artichoke leaf powder increased the b* values of thigh meat compared with the control. the lightness of thigh and breast meat and also redness of thigh meat were affected by gender (p). in general, the results indicated that supplementation of diet by artichoke leaf powder did not improve growth performance of quails, but may have a potential to improve the oxidative stability and meat quality.